In a move aimed at addressing housing shortages and reducing carbon emissions, Hanover voters approved a sweeping set of Land Use Code reforms during the town’s ballot vote on May 14. The updated zoning rules increase residential density near downtown and on major transit corridors while streamlining the permitting process for new development. Proponents say the changes will help create more affordable housing options, particularly for students and workers, and align with the town’s climate action goals.
The zoning updates follow over two years of public hearings, stakeholder meetings, and analysis by Hanover’s Planning Board and Sustainable Hanover Committees. The reforms passed with 674 votes in favor and 255 against, reflecting widespread support among residents who participated in the local election.
Among the key changes, the revised code allows for multi-family housing by right in certain districts that previously restricted such development. It also lifts minimum parking requirements for residential buildings in walkable areas and permits accessory dwelling units more broadly. These changes are expected to reduce barriers for developers, lower construction costs, and encourage more compact land use.
Planning Board chair Peter Below characterized the reforms as a necessary step toward greater housing diversity in Hanover, saying the town’s past zoning “precluded housing types that are more affordable for the workforce.” He noted that the new rules are modeled in part on discussions with residents, as well as state and regional planning recommendations.
Dartmouth College has expressed support for the changes, citing the potential increase in nearby housing as a benefit for students and employees. Representatives from the college provided input during the draft process, particularly on how zoning could affect demand for on-campus housing.
Opponents of the reforms raised concerns about building scale, traffic, and the preservation of Hanover’s historic character. Some residents argued that increased density could strain municipal services if not implemented carefully. However, the Planning Board emphasized that new developments will still be subject to design review and environmental assessments.
The ballot vote follows the passage of New Hampshire state legislation encouraging municipalities to adopt zoning practices that support housing growth and reduce vehicle dependence. Hanover’s reforms align with these broader policy trends by focusing development around transit and pedestrian areas.
The town also highlighted environmental benefits, noting that denser housing near downtown could reduce greenhouse gas emissions by shortening commutes and decreasing reliance on cars. The new code supports these efforts by enabling mixed-use developments that combine housing with retail and services.
Looking ahead, Hanover officials say the zoning reforms are part of a longer-term strategy to guide growth responsibly while maintaining the town’s character. The Planning Board plans to monitor the outcomes and may consider further changes as housing needs and climate goals evolve. The town has also been exploring other housing policy measures to address local pressures.
With the passage of the new Land Use Code, Hanover joins a growing number of Upper Valley communities exploring land use reforms as a tool to address regional housing challenges. The town’s shift reflects both local pressures and a broader recognition that zoning changes can play a central role in shaping sustainable communities.
